A July 2023 study by McMaster University said that, 

  • “There are a dizzying number of factors and combinations to consider when creating a weightlifting program to maximize strength and muscle growth,” 

  • “This is an age-old debate among athletes and strength and conditioning coaches: what combination leads to the best gains?”

  • “Our analysis shows that every resistance training prescription resulted in strength and muscle mass gains. Complex prescriptions are sufficient but unnecessary to gain strength and muscle. Simple programs are extremely effective, and the most important result is that people can benefit from any weightlifting program,” 

  • “Seek guidance if you are unsure where to begin and how to progress, but it doesn’t need to be complicated.”

  • “The biggest variable to master is compliance,”

  • “Once you’ve got that down, then you can worry about all of the other subtle nuances, but our analysis clearly shows that many ostensibly important variables just aren’t that essential for the vast majority of people.”